This reseArch was conducted in order to evaluate fatigue behavior of asphalt mixes containing Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel Slag. After initial evaluation of the properties of EAF steel Slag using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electric Microscope (SEM), six sets of laboratory mixtures were prepared. Each set were treated replacing various portions of limestone aggregates of the mix with EAF steel Slag. Four point bending beam fatigue tests were performed in both controlled strain and stress mode of loading at various strain and stress levels to characterize the fatigue behavior of asphalt mixes containing different percentages of EAF Slag. Different approaches based on stiffness and dissipated energy were used to analyze the fatigue tests data. The results show that the inclusion of EAF in mixes improved the fatigue life considerably under both stress and strain control mode of loading. In the stress control mode, very good correlations were observed between responses and fatigue life of mixes. However, correlation coefficients in the strain control mode were relatively lower than those in the stress control mode (particularly in the tests that were based on 50% reduction of initial stiffness).

This paper analyzes how feasible it is to use Electric Arc Furnace Slag as coarse aggregate, and blast Furnace dust as fine aggregate in the manufacture of hot asphalt concrete for roads. Three mixtures were designed using the Ramcodes methodology, the M1 mixture of control with conventional materials, the M2 mixture replacing 50% and the M3 mixture replacing 100% of the conventional aggregates, which were submitted to tests to evaluate the susceptibility to moisture damage and plastic deformation, as well as others to determine the resilient modulus and the fatigue laws for each type of mixture. The mixtures with EAF and BFD presented better mechanical characteristics than the mixture with natural aggregates, met the acceptance requirements and the results of the performance tests are within the required requirements.

The major national investment in the transportation sector is the creation and construction of pavements. Currently in Iran, most of the pavements are asphalt mixture. It has been damaged by the passage of time, traffic loads, and atmospheric changes. One of the most important types of flexible pavements is the change of permanent forms known as rutting. In recent years, the use of metal melting Slag, one of the waste of the metal melting plants, has been considered as an alternative to parts or all rock materials in different layers of metal. in this study, we investigated the use of different percentages of steel Slag as a percentage of coarse rock material in gradation of mixture (0-25-75-75 % of Slag in alternative rock material)…,using the method of mixing marshall, optimum bitumen and other Marshall parameters. In order to investigate the properties of the pure bitumen, penetration point, ductility, viscosity, and degree of fire were performed. Also, the tests of marshall and flow, indirect tensile, moisture susceptibility, resilient modulus, dynamic creep and wheel placement were performed to investigate the effect of the use of فولاد Slag on the functional properties of asphalt mixture. The results of this study showed that the compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and tensile strength ratio (saturation to dry of mixtures containing Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel Slag were higher than control mixture.

The destructive effects of global warming have attracted attention to the optimal using of resources and recycling. Therefore, Slag has been considered as a solution in various industrial sectors including the road construction. Also, among the new materials, cement carbon nanostructures which can improve the concrete mechanical properties and resistance are used. These nanostructures are produced through Chemical Vapor Deposition method during the cement production process on the type II cement. In this study, it is aimed to improve the mechanical properties and resistance of concrete pavements with Slag and cement carbon nanostructures. The results showed that using 66% Slag and 5% cement carbon nanostructures (SC66N5) have been shown the best performance in concrete pavements. Increasing the amount of Slag and carbon nanostructures enhance the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, chlorine passing current and durability against freezing and thawing cycles, and decrease permeability and water absorption percentage. The results showed that in SC66N5 28-day sample, the compressive strength (52%), flexural strength (32%), tensile strength (53%), chlorine passing current (88%) and passing ultrasonic pulse velocity after freezing and thawing (7%) are increased with respect to the cement concrete sample. Furthermore, the permeability (46%), water absorption percentage (45%), weight loss after freezing and thawing cycles (78%) are reduced in comparison to the cement concrete sample. The results revealed that using Slag and cement carbon nanostructures improve the durability of concrete pavements.

A considerable amount of mill scale is generated from steel making plants annually. Although some industries use it as raw material, since it contains iron in the form of FeO, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4, it can be considered as a valuable metallurgical raw material in iron and steel making industry as well. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility, efficiency, and consequences of the reduction of mill scale in the Electric Arc Furnace. Accordingly, different portions of mill scale were charged into an Electric Arc Furnace (with two different charging methods) and the results were compared with reference heats. Results revealed that charging mill scale into Electric Arc Furnace decreases oxygen and carbon powder consumptions, while negatively influences on production time, energy and coke consumptions, and Slag composition. Moreover, reducibility evaluations based on tapping weight and oxygen consumption showed that almost %14.9 of mill scale is reduced in Electric Arc Furnace.

This reseArch was conducted in order to evaluate fatigue resistance properties of asphalt mixtures containing Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel Slag. After evaluating properties of EAF steel Slag, five sets of mixtures were prepared in laboratory. Each set consisted of a combination of a control limestone aggregate mixed with a specific amount of EAF steel Slag. Four points bending beam fatigue testing was performed on all mixtures (at strain controlled mode). Based on fatigue lives, fatigue predicting models were developed. Moreover, a fatigue prediction model which was obtained from indirect tensile test, resilient modulus and was based on fracture energy was developed. The results showed that the inclusion of EAF in mixtures improved fatigue life of mixtures considerably. Very good correlations were observed between responses and fatigue life of mixtures. In addition, models based on fracture energy (DEf/DEIDT) predicted fatigue life of mixtures containing EAF materials reasonably well.

Abstract

An active power filter with dynamic control method is used for harmonic elimination and power factor correction of an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). This new control technique is very suitable for suppressing harmonics of nonlinear loads. In addition, other parameters such as the power factor can also be controlled. A nonlinear model of EAF and its Box-Jenkins model are used and compared. These models are parameterized by actual field data. The stability of the entire system is analyzed by using “Stable Equilibrium Area Existence” lemma.

Demand side management (DSM) is a popular topic that has been widely discussed in the Electricity industry in recent years. Industrial processes, such as steel production, have complex planning in general. In many industrialized countries, these plants regularly participate in DR programs. Electric Arc Furnaces (EAFs) in steel mills have been recognized as having high potential for DSM. The widely used method for modeling, optimizing and planning such plants in general is the Resource-Task Network (RTN). To solve the problem of achieving optimal solution, it is recommended to use a meta-heuristic algorithm. For the purpose of comparison, two genetic (GEN) and particle swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms are used for this purpose. Case studies were performed to illustrate the impact of the proposed method on the daily planning of a steel plant. Overall, the results indicate that incorporating OLTC into the planning of a steel plant results in improvements in reducing its daily costs.

In previous studies on the use of steel Slag in asphalt mixtures, no comparison has been made between different types of Slags produced in steel factories in Iran. In this reseArch, in order to evaluate the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures containing different amounts of steel Slag and to compare their effects on mixture behaviors, two types of Slags – BOF and EAF – were replaced with 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of coarse part of aggregates. After characterization of limestone aggregates and steel Slags using X-ray fluorescence equipment (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), Marshall mix design method was used to determine the optimum bitumen content. Moreover, the mechanical properties of mixtures using resilient modulus testing at different temperatures and indirect tensile strength testing in both dry and saturated conditions were evaluated. The results showed that the use of steel Slag in asphalt mixtures could result in a significant improvement of asphalt mixture properties. Furthermore, moisture sensitivity of mixtures containing steel Slags was less than the control mixture.